Ibogaine Research Database

A transcriptomic analysis in mice following a single dose of ibogaine identifies new potential therapeutic targets.

Ibogaine (IBO) is an atypical psychedelic with a complex mechanism of action. To date, the mechanisms that may underlie its anti-addictive effects are still not defined. This study aims to identify changes in gene expression induced by a single oral dose of IBO in the cortex of m...

Psychoactive plant derivatives (ayahuasca, ibogaine, kratom) and their application in opioid withdrawal and use disorder - a narrative review.

The opioid epidemic and limited access to treatment for opioid withdrawal (OW) and opioid use disorder (OUD) has led individuals to seek alternative treatments. This narrative review aims to educate clinicians on the mechanisms of action, toxicity, and applications of psychoactiv...

Ibogaine Induces Cardiotoxic Necrosis in Rats-The Role of Redox Processes.

Ibogaine is an organic indole alkaloid that is used in alternative medicine to combat addiction. Numerous cases of life-threatening complications and sudden deaths associated with ibogaine use have been reported, and it has been hypothesized that the adverse effects are related t...

Expectancies of the Effects of Cannabis Use in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD).

Previous research has indicated that anticipating positive effects from cannabis use may be linked with increased frequency of cannabis consumption, yet these expectancies remain poorly understood in adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Thus, our study aimed to investigate ...

Perceptions, Experiences, and Patterns of Cannabis Use in Individuals with Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Context of Cannabis Legalization and Medical Cannabis Program in Canada - A Qualit

Perceptions of cannabis as a potential medical treatment for mood and anxiety disorders have been increasing in the context of legalizations, availability, and medical cannabis programs, though current evidence predominately indicates risks and negative effects of cannabis use (C...

Beyond Psilocybin: Reviewing the Therapeutic Potential of Other Serotonergic Psychedelics in Mental and Substance Use Disorders.

There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of psychedelic therapies for several mental and substance use disorders. Psilocybin, a "classic" serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as one of the primary compounds of interest in clinical research. While research on psilocybin...

Associations of Methadone and BUP/NX Dose Titration Patterns With Retention in Treatment and Opioid Use in Individuals With Prescription-Type Opioid Use Disorder: Secondary Analysis of the OP

Methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NX) titration parameters (eg, range, duration, and rate) can vary during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. We describe methadone and BUP/NX titration patterns and their associations with treatment outcomes among individuals with a pres...

Associations Between Buprenorphine\Naloxone and Methadone Treatment and non-Opioid Substance Use in Prescription-Type Opioid Use Disorder: Secondary Analyses From the OPTIMA Study: Associatio

There is limited evidence on how opioid agonist treatment (OAT) may affect psychoactive non-opioid substance use in prescription-type opioid use disorder (POUD) and whether this effect might explain OAT outcomes. We aimed to assess the effect of methadone on non-opioid substance ...

Disrupting Substance Use Disorder: The Chemistry of Iboga Alkaloids.

The iboga alkaloids are a family of monoterpene indole alkaloids first discovered from the root of Tabernanthe iboga. The major alkaloid constituent in the root, ibogaine, has garnered interest for its anti-addictive properties. Ibogaine has been shown to reduce opiate, amphetami...

Trauma-Informed Care in Psychedelic Therapy Research: A Qualitative Literature Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions in PTSD and Psychedelic Therapy Across Conditions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant patient burden. While pharmacotherapies and evidence-based psychotherapy interventions (EBPI) are effective, studies consistently highlight inadequate outcomes and high treatment dropout. Psychedelic therapy (PT...

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Historical Perspective and Overview.

Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including those that are treatment-resistent. The latter half of the 20th century marked a revolution in the tre...

Current Perspectives on the Clinical Research and Medicalization of Psychedelic Drugs for Addiction Treatments: Safety, Efficacy, Limitations and Challenges.

Mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) in particular, contribute greatly to the global burden of disease. Psychedelics, including entactogens and dissociative substances, are currently being explored for the treatment of SUDs, yet with less empirical clinical ...

What is needed for the roll-out of psychedelic treatments?

The pace of psychedelic treatments continues to increase. Regulation and coherent clinical guidance have not been established. A philosophical divide limits effective resolution of a practice delivery quandary: is this primarily a pharmacological or psychotherapeutic intervention...

New frontiers in the biosynthesis of psychoactive specialized metabolites.

The recent relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has prompted extensive clinical investigation into their potential use to treat diverse mental health conditions including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and substance-abuse disorders. Most clinical trials have re...

Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability. Sequelae can include functional impairments and psychiatric syndromes such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. Special Operations Forces (SOF) veterans (SOVs) may be at an elevated risk f...

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Ibogaine.

Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has been used for thousands of years in rites of passage and spiritual ceremonies in West-Central Africa. In the West, it has primarily been used and studied for its anti-addictive properties and more recently for other neuropsychiatric i...

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients.

Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic drug that may be used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The relationships between pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ibogaine and its metabolites and their clinical effects on side effects and opioid withdrawal severity are unknown. We aimed to study these r...

Oxa-Iboga alkaloids lack cardiac risk and disrupt opioid use in animal models.

Ibogaine and its main metabolite noribogaine provide important molecular prototypes for markedly different treatment of substance use disorders and co-morbid mental health illnesses. However, these compounds present a cardiac safety risk and a highly complex molecular mechanism. ...

Efficacy of insula deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with varenicline for smoking cessation: A randomized, double-blind, sham controlled trial.

Current smoking cessation treatments are limited in terms of efficacy, particularly with regards to long term abstinence. There is a large amount of evidence implicating the insula in nicotine addiction. To examine the efficacy of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimul...

Cannabinoid Therapy: Attitudes and Experiences of People With Chronic Pain.

Clinical trials of cannabinoids for chronic pain have mixed and often inconclusive results. In contrast, many prospective observational studies show the analgesic effects of cannabinoids. This survey study aimed to examine the experiences/attitudes of individuals with chronic pai...

Cannabis self-administration in the human laboratory: a scoping review of ad libitum studies.

Cannabis self-administration studies may be helpful for identifying factors that influence cannabis consumption and subjective response to cannabis. Additionally, these paradigms could be useful for testing novel pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder. This scoping review ai...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for smoking cessation: Next steps for translation and implementation into clinical practice.

Tobacco smoking is a significant determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is now possible to modulate the activity of the neurocircuitry associated with nicotine dependence using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neurostim...

Pharmacogenetics of Lethal Opioid Overdose: Review of Current Evidence and Preliminary Results from a Pilot Study.

There has been a worldwide substantial increase in accidental opioid-overdose deaths. The aim of this review, along with preliminary results from our pilot study, is to highlight the use of pharmacogenetics as a tool to predict causes of accidental opioid-overdose death. For this...

Effects of sub-chronic nabiximols on biological markers of individuals undergoing a clinical trial for the treatment of cannabis use disorder.

Nabiximols is used for treating various symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nabiximols is also being investigated as a potential treatment medication for individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD). A variety of investigations have shown that, at low doses, nabixim...

Central nervous system activity of a Tabernaemontana arborea alkaloid extract involves serotonergic and opioidergic neurotransmission in murine models.

Tabernaemontana arborea (Apocynaceae) is a Mexican tree species known to contain ibogan type alkaloids. This study aimed at determining central nervous system-related activities of an alkaloid extract obtained from the root bark of T. arborea. A gas chromatography-mass spectromet...

Psychedelic Drug Legislative Reform and Legalization in the US.

Psychedelic drugs are becoming accessible in the US through a patchwork of state legislative reforms. This shift necessitates consensus on treatment models, education and guidance for health care professionals, and planning for implementation and regulation. To assess trends in p...

Changes in synaptic markers after administration of ketamine or psychedelics: a systematic scoping review.

Ketamine and psychedelics have abuse liability. They can also induce "transformative experiences" where individuals experience enhanced states of awareness. This enhanced awareness can lead to changes in preexisting behavioral patterns which could be beneficial in the treatment o...

Multi-state Model-Based Identification of Cryptic Allosteric Sites on Human Serotonin Transporter.

Serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a fundamental role in taking the synaptic cleft serotonin back to the presynaptic neuron. The discovery of allosteric SERT modulators represents the next-generation medication for psychiatric disorders such as depression. Here, based on the cryo...

Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Articles Reporting Results of Psychedelic Clinical Studies.

Following a decades long period of investigational dormancy, there is renewed interest in employing psychedelics as psychiatric treatments. The academic journals, institutions, and countries that have helped sustain clinical psychedelic research and the evolution of the literatur...

Changes in functional connectivity preserve scale-free neuronal and behavioral dynamics.

Does the brain optimize itself for storage and transmission of information, and if so, how? The critical brain hypothesis is based in statistical physics and posits that the brain self-tunes its dynamics to a critical point or regime to maximize the repertoire of neuronal respons...

Natural psychedelics in the treatment of depression; a review focusing on neurotransmitters.

Natural psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. This review will discuss how natural psychedelics exert their neurobiological therapeutic effects, and how different neurotransmission systems mediate the effects of these compounds. Further...

Hallucinogenic potential: a review of psychoplastogens for the treatment of opioid use disorder.

The United States is entering its fourth decade of the opioid epidemic with no clear end in sight. At the center of the epidemic is an increase in opioid use disorder (OUD), a complex condition encompassing physical addiction, psychological comorbidities, and socioeconomic and le...

Tripping outside the lines: lessons from observational studies of combination psychedelic use beyond regulated clinical contexts.

Corrigendum: Three naturally-occurring psychedelics and their significance in the treatment of mental health disorders.

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(+)-Catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine induce antidepressant-like activity in mice by differently recruiting serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission.

The antidepressant-like activity of (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine [(-)-18-MC] was studied in male and female mice using forced swim (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). The underlying molecular mechanism was assessed by electrophysiological, radioligand, and ...

European journal of pharmacology

The sedative and anxiolytic-like activity of two coronaridine congeners, (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), was studied in male and female mice. The underlying molecular mechanism was subsequently determined by fluorescence imaging and radioligand binding e...

Chemistry, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of stemmadenine alkaloids.

Covering: up to July 2022Stemmadenine alkaloids are a restrictive sub-group of monoterpene indole alkaloids, represented by two congeners: stemmadenine and vallesamine. Their skeleton is defined by the cleavage of the C-3-C-7 bond of the Strychnos group's pentacyclic scaffold in ...

Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness.

Past research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). However, these studies typically do not distinguish between different psychedelic compounds, which have a unique psychopharmacology and may be used...

A mechanism of uncompetitive inhibition of the serotonin transporter.

The serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) is arguably the most extensively studied solute carrier (SLC). During its eponymous action - that is, the retrieval of serotonin from the extracellular space - SERT undergoes a conformational cycle. Typical inhibitors (antidepressant drugs ...

Case report: Ibogaine reduced severe neuropathic pain associated with a case of brachial plexus nerve root avulsion.

Brachial plexus nerve root avulsion results from complete separation of the nerve root from the spinal cord and is one of the most challenging types of neuropathic pain, coinciding with motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. The severe pain and typical impossibility of root reatt...

Reactivity of the Iboga Skeleton: Oxidation Study of Ibogaine and Voacangine.

The iboga alkaloids scaffold shows great potential as a pharmacophore in drug candidates for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, the study of the reactivity of this type of motif is particularly useful for the generation of new analogs suitable for medicinal chemis...

Potent Anti-amoebic Effects of Ibogaine, Voacangine and the Root Bark Alkaloid Fraction of Tabernaemontana arborea.

Plants of Tabernaemontana species have several pharmacological activities including antimicrobial effects. Amoebiasis continues to be a public health problem, with increasing evidence of resistance to metronidazole. In this study, we assessed the effect of the alkaloid fraction o...

Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter.

The serotonin transporter (SERT) removes synaptic serotonin and is the target of anti-depressant drugs. SERT adopts three conformations: outward-open, occluded, and inward-open. All known inhibitors target the outward-open state except ibogaine, which has unusual anti-depressant ...

Underground ibogaine use for the treatment of substance use disorders: A qualitative analysis of subjective experiences.

Ibogaine is one of the alkaloids naturally found in plants such as Tabernanthe iboga, which has been traditionally used by members of the Bwiti culture. Since the discovery of its anti-addictive properties by Howard S. Lotsof in 1962, ibogaine has been used experimentally to trea...

Identifying setting factors associated with improved ibogaine safety: a systematic review of clinical studies.

Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid derived from the west-African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Western cultures are increasing the interest for the substance due to its claimed anti addictive properties, although the evidence supporting this effect is still preliminary. The use of ib...

What We Have Gained from Ibogaine: α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibitors as Treatments for Substance Use Disorders.

For decades, ibogaine─the main psychoactive alkaloid found in Tabernanthe iboga─has been investigated as a possible treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) due to its purported ability to interrupt the addictive properties of multiple drugs of abuse. Of the numerous pharmaco...

Main targets of ibogaine and noribogaine associated with its putative anti-addictive effects: A mechanistic overview.

There is a growing interest in studying ibogaine (IBO) as a potential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, its clinical use has been hindered for mainly two reasons: First, the lack of randomized, controlled studies informing about its safety and efficacy. And s...

IUPHAR - invited review - Ibogaine - A legacy within the current renaissance of psychedelic therapy.

Ibogaine is a powerful psychoactive substance that not only alters perception, mood and affect, but also stops addictive behaviors. Ibogaine has a very long history of ethnobotanical use in low doses to combat fatigue, hunger and thirst and, in high doses as a sacrament in Africa...

Ibogaine/Noribogaine in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.

Ibogaine and noribogaine are psychedelic substances with dissociative properties naturally occurring in plants of the Apocynaceae family. Research has shown their efficacy in treating substance use disorders (SUD), particularly in opiate detoxification, but their efficacy and tox...

Marked Increase in Amphetamine-Related Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Toronto, Canada, 2014-2021.

We report emergency department and inpatient amphetamine-related trends focusing on co-occurring substance use and psychiatric diagnoses at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the largest mental health teaching hospital in Canada. We describe yearly trends in amphetamine-...